本文关键词: 医生相关词汇; word difference; physician; clinician; doctor
引言:撰写英文论文的时候,可能遇到需要提到“医生”的情况。英语中,经常要“换一种说法”,以避免重复。因此,有必要对physician, clinician与doctor三个常见用词进行辨析,以便准确使用。
先来最熟悉的词:doctor:
根据剑桥词典(https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-chinese-simplified/doctor):
意思1:
a person with a medical degree whose job is to treat people who are ill or hurt
医生,大夫
意思2:
a person who has the highest degree (= qualification) from a college or university
博士
即:doctor除了指代医生外,还可以指博士学位,且不限制专业。需要注意的是,在很多国家中,医生如果想从业,一定取得了医学相关专业的博士学位(如:MD;Doctor of Medicine)。这与中国的情况不同:在中国,医生职业对学历的底线要求很低:医学大专学历。注意:这是底线要求,目前在大型医院中,医生普遍的最低学历为:硕士。
再来physician:
根据剑桥词典:
a medical doctor, especially one who has general skill and is not a surgeon
医生;(尤指)内科医生
即:physician可用于通指医生,也可以仅指内科医生。
最后,来看看clinician:
根据剑桥词典(https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english-chinese-simplified/physician):
someone, such as a doctor, who has qualifications in an area of very skilled health work
临床医师
根据牛津词典(https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/clinician?q=clinician):
a doctor, psychologist, etc. who has direct contact with patients
google了很多内容后发现,剑桥提供的中文翻译(临床医师)不准确。但是英文解释没问题,也和牛津的解释类似。即:clinician一词包括多种临床领域的工作者:医生,护士,医生助理等等。
整体来看,在不同语境下,应选择合适的用词:
通指医生,不区分内科还是外科:doctor或者physician。
内科医生:physician。或者使用internist,该词仅指内科医生,可以避免歧义。
外科医生:这个很明确,使用surgeon。
临床工作者:clinician,含义更广泛:各科医生、护士、医生助理等等。
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